Chapter 3 – Web Design Basics
As a website visitor, you have probably found that certain websites are appealing and easy to use, while others seem awkward or just plain annoying. What separates the good from the bad? This chapter discusses recommended website design practices. The topics include site organization, site navigation, page design, text design, graphic design, and accessibility considerations. Resource websites and chapter links are listed below.
Design for Your Target Audience
Web Design Best Practices Checklist
Whatever your personal preferences, your web site should be designed to appeal to your target audience — the people who will use your web site. They may be teens, shoppers, college students, young couples, the list goes on and on. All of the criteria listed at the Web Design Best Practices Checklist should be followed with an eye on your target audience.
Beginning web developers often tend to design web sites that look great on their own computers but may not display well on those of their target audience. While there is no substitution for testing on multiple devices with different screen resolutions, you may find BrowserShots to be helpful. Visit Net Market Share and StatCounter for updated browser and device statistics.
Two websites with different target audiences...
Compelling, intriguing, draws you in... Visit Sedona
Busy, getting right down to business... BLS
Wireframes
A wireframe is a sketch or blue-print of a web page that depicts the structure (but not the detailed design) of basic page elements such as the logo, navigation, content, and footer.
Depending on the purpose of a particular website, the wireframe may incorporate additional components including pull quotes, news items, and interactive features such as a login or search function.
Wireframes are used as part of the design process to experiment with various page layouts, develop the structure and navigation of the site, and provide a basis for communication between the project members.
Web designers often use "Lorem Ipsum" text as a placeholder for actual text on wireframes. Try out a popular lorem ipsum text generator at http://www.lipsum.com.
Wireframe examples: https://speckyboy.com/web-mobile-wireframe-sketch-examples/ and https://moqups.com/blog/website-wireframe-examples/.
Browser & Screen Resolution Market Share
- StatCounter Desktop Browser Market Share
- StatCounter Mobile Browser Market Share
- StatCounter Screen Resolution Stats
- StatCounter Desktop vs Mobile vs Tablet Market Share
Accessibility
- "The Internet is for Everyone"
- Web Accessibility Initiative
- Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Overview
- WCAG 2.1 at a Glance
- Understanding WCAG 2.1
- Section 508 Refresh
- About the ICT Refresh
- WebAIM Checklist
- a11yproject.com
- Colorblind Web Page Filter
- Colorblind Awareness
- How to Design for Color Blindness
Text Considerations
- Common "Web-safe" Fonts
- Easy-to-read Fonts
- Serif or Sans Serif?
- Serif VS. Sans: The Final Battle
- Readability: the Optimal Line Length
- Web Typography Examples
- WebAIM Color Contrast Checker
- Deque Color Contrast Analyzer
- Snook Colour Contrast Check
Choosing Colors
- http://paletton.com
- http://www.colorsontheweb.com/colorwizard.asp
- http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/color-blend/
- Pine Tools
- HexColorCodes
- http://0to255.com
- Adobe Color
- CSSdrive Colors Pallete Generator
- Colorspire
- WebAIM Color Contrast Checker
- Deque Color Contrast Analyzer
- Snook Colour Contrast Check
- Color Scheme Based on an Image
- Canva Color Palette Generator
- ColorBook Color Scheme Generator
Responsive Web Design
- http://alistapart.com/article/responsive-web-design
- http://mediaqueri.es
- 11 Powerful Examples of Resonsive Web Design
- Mobile Web Best Practices
Chapter Updates
- No updates have been reported for this chapter.
Questions or Comments
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Feel free to contact the author with your questions or comments.

Review Activities

Review activities are available for this chapter. Check your knowledge of chapter terms and concepts.
Target Audience
Appealing to Kids
Appealing to Young Adults
Appealing to Everyone
Appealing to Older Adults
Writing for the Web
- How Web Users Read
- Writing Microcontent
- Be Succinct!
- Writing for Low-Literacy Users Jakob Nielsen's suggestions for adjusting your pages to be easier to read by low-literacy readers — a growing group of Web visitors.
Navigation Examples
- Navigation Bar
- Breadcrumb Navigation
- Dynamic Navigation
- Fixed Navigation Menus
- Top Navigation Trends
Design & Usability
Free Image Editors
Flat Web Design
- Flat Design Principles
- Flat UI Colors
- 50 Perfect Examples of Flat Web Design
- Flat 2.0 — Long Shadows